After
deleberations of Khilafat
Conference, on November
22,1919, the Ulamas decided
to form an effective and
powerful organozation to
resolve the political and
religious issues facing
Indian Muslims in the light
of Islamic Shariat and
teachings. The decision was
in accordance with the
wishes of Sheikh-ul-Hind
Maulana Mahmood Hasan
Deobandi. That let to the
formation of Jamiat
Ulama-i-Hind i the year
1919.
Between 1803 and 1915, The
Ulamas waged four battles
for freedom of the country,
Eventually Sheikhi-ul-Hind
Maulana Mahmood Hasan
Deobandi opted for
non-violent struggle based
on Hindu-Muslims unity and
understaning. Jamiat
Ulama-i-Hind provided a
platform for it.
An
eminent theologian and
freedom fighter who laid the
foundation stone of Jamia
Millia Islamia at Aligarh in
Northern India in 1920,
Maulana Mahmud Hasan,
popularly known as Shaikhul
Hind (leader of India), was
born in 1851 at Bareily
where his father, Maulana
Zulfeqar Ali, also a well
known scholar of Arabic, was
employed in the Department
of Education.
He was
the first student of Darul
Uloom, Deoband, the world
renowned institution of
Islamic Sciences and one of
the most distinguished
disciples of the founder of
this institution, Maulana
Mohammad Qasim Nanotvi.
After his graduation from
Darul Uloom in 1873, he
served the same institution
as a teacher from 1874 till
his appointment as Principal
in 1890.
Unlike
the ulema of that time and
his preoccupation with
teaching and administrative
works in Darul Uloom
notwithstanding, he kept
himself fully informed about
the political developments
in the country.
The
second decade of the
twentieth century was a
period of great restlessness
and anxiety for the Islamic
world as a result of a
secret pact among the
Western powers to overthrown
the Turkish Empire which was
looked upon with respect and
reverence by the Indian
Muslims.
During
this time, Shaikhul
Hind prepared a plan to
start an armed revolution
against the British rule for
which he launched a
programme to train
volunteers from among his
disciples in India and
abroad who joined this
movement in a large number.
The most eminent among them
were Maulana Ubaidullah
Sindhi and Maulana Mohd.
Mian Mansoor Ansari.
There
was a general belief that
war of liberation cannot be
launched without arms and
ammunition. Therefore, it
was necessary to secure
support from outside India.
While Shaikhul Hind sent
Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi to
Kabul with a special mission
and Maulana Mohd. Mian
Mansoor Ansari to the
independent tribes of the
Frontier area to mobilize
them for a war against the
British rule, he himself
traveled to Hijaz in 1915 to
secure the Turkish support
for his plan. In Hijaz, he
met the Turkish Governor,
Ghalib Pasha and obtained
his signature on a war
declaration. From Hijaz he
wanted to come to the
Frontier area via Baghdad
and Baluchistan, but his
plan was leaked and he was
arrested at Mecca and
imprisoned at Malta where he
remained for over three
years till his release in
1920.
Since
the letters exchanged
between Shaikhul Hind and
his colleagues containing
the outlines of the plan to
recruit the volunteers for
the liberation army and to
establish a national
government were written on
silk, the movement launched
by him is known as 'Reshmi
Rumal ki Tahrik' (Movement
of Silken Kerchief).
After
returning to India Shaikhul
Hind joined the Khilafat
Movement and issued his
famous Fatwa of
non-cooperation against the
British rule.
In the
same year (1920) in October
he laid the foundation stone
of Jamia Millia Islamia at
Aligarh. He died on 30th
November 1920.
Founder of Jamiat
Ulama-i-Hind
Sheikh-ul-Hind,
Maulana Mahmood Hassan
Deobandi was a
class unto himself. An
eminent theologian and
freedom fighter who laid the
foundation stone of Jamia
Millia Islamia at Aligarh in
Northern India in 1920,
Maulana Mahmud Hasan,
popularly known as Shaikhul
Hind (leader of India), was
born in 1851 at Bareily
where his father, Maulana
Zulfeqar Ali, also a well
known scholar of Arabic, was
employed in the Department
of Education.
He was
the first student of Darul
Uloom, Deoband, the world
renowned institution of
Islamic Sciences and one of
the most distinguished
disciples of the founder of
this institution, Maulana
Mohammad Qasim Nanotvi.
After his graduation from
Darul Uloom in 1873, he
served the same institution
as a teacher from 1874 till
his appointment as Principal
in 1890.
Unlike
the ulema of that time and
his preoccupation with
teaching and administrative
works in Darul Uloom
notwithstanding, he kept
himself fully informed about
the political developments
in the country.
The
second decade of the
twentieth century was a
period of great restlessness
and anxiety for the Islamic
world as a result of a
secret pact among the
Western powers to overthrown
the Turkish Empire which was
looked upon with respect and
reverence by the Indian
Muslims.
During
this time, Shaikhul Hind
prepared a plan to start an
armed revolution against the
British rule for which he
launched a programme to
train volunteers from among
his disciples in India and
abroad who joined this
movement in a large number.
The most eminent among them
were Maulana Ubaidullah
Sindhi and Maulana Mohd.
Mian Mansoor Ansari.
There
was a general belief that
war of liberation cannot be
launched without arms and
ammunition. Therefore, it
was necessary to secure
support from outside India.
While Shaikhul Hind sent
Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi to
Kabul with a special mission
and Maulana Mohd. Mian
Mansoor Ansari to the
independent tribes of the
Frontier area to mobilize
them for a war against the
British rule, he himself
traveled to Hijaz in 1915 to
secure the Turkish support
for his plan. In Hijaz, he
met the Turkish Governor,
Ghalib Pasha and obtained
his signature on a war
declaration. From Hijaz he
wanted to come to the
Frontier area via Baghdad
and Baluchistan, but his
plan was leaked and he was
arrested at Mecca and
imprisoned at Malta where he
remained for over three
years till his release in
1920.
Since
the letters exchanged
between Shaikhul Hind and
his colleagues containing
the outlines of the plan to
recruit the volunteers for
the liberation army and to
establish a national
government were written on
silk, the movement launched
by him is known as 'Reshmi
Rumal ki Tahrik'
(Movement of Silken
Kerchief).
After
returning to India Shaikhul
Hind joined the Khilafat
Movement and issued his
famous Fatwa of
non-cooperation against the
British rule.In the same
year (1920) in October he
laid the foundation stone of
Jamia Millia Islamia at
Aligarh.
A
torchbearer and a leader of
politics simultaneously, he
was very much aggrieved over
the oppressions against
Muslims in Balkan and
Trabulus.
After
being released in 1920, he
returned to Hindustan. Once
speaking at a big gathering
of `Ulama, he said, We
learnt two lessons from our
life in Malta. These words
made the whole audience
attentive, as they wanted to
know what the 80-year-old
sage was going to say. In
the loneliness of jail in
Malta, I pondered over the
causes of Muslims ruination
both religiously and
temporally, I found out two
causes: One, forsaking the
Quran. Two, internal
differences and discords.
From the jail, I have come
with a resolve that I would
spend the rest of my live in
promoting the Quran and its
meaning.
.JPG)